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Traditionally, rice (berenj in Farsi, before it is cooked) was most prevalent as a major staple item in the rice growing region of northern Iran, and the homes of the wealthy, while in the rest of the country, bread was the dominant staple.
The varieties of rice most valued in Persian cuisine are prized for their aroma, taste and elongation during cooking.
There are three primary methods of cooking rice in Iran.
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Polo/chelo: Rice is prepared by soaking in salted water for hours, drained and immediately put in a large pot of boiling water. When tested and the center no longer crunches, it is drained in a colander and put back in an oiled pot to be steamed. This method results in exceptionally fluffy rice with the rice grains elongated, separated and not sticky. A golden rice crust is created at the bottom of the pot called tah-dig meaning, ‘bottom of the pot’.
Tah-dig can be plain rice or lining the bottom of the pot with lavash or slices of raw potatoes. There are other creative alternatives which will be introduced in my recipes. There are also mixed rice/polos, to which meat, vegetable, nuts and/or fruits are sometimes added in layers or completely mixed with the polo and then steamed. To steam the polo, heat is reduced and a piece of thick cloth, towel, or paper towel is placed on the top of the pot before putting on the lid to seal tightly and absorb extra steam.
Kateh: Rice is cooked until the water is absorbed completely. Most common method used in the West and Pacific Rim.
Dami: Rice is cooked almost the same as Kateh, but at the start, ingredients such as grains and beans, which can be cooked thoroughly with rice, are added.
I mainly use the polo method in my cooking/recipes. To make Persian rice, use basmati grade of rice.
Long grain American or Asian rice do not need to be soaked nor will they make good Persian-style rice dish.
Persian Rice • Polo • پلوسفید
Recipe by: Fae’s Twist & Tango (fae-magazine.com)
To soak the rice
• 2 cups basmati rice
• 1 Tbsp salt
◊ Although today, clean fine rice is available, some imported rice brands may contain small, non-rice particles which must be scrutinized and removed by hand before washing. Also, some brands may need to be washed with extra agitation until water is clear. Put the rice in a large enough bowl with plenty of water and rub the rice between two hands to scrape off any powdery substance. Drain in a fine-meshed colander. Rinse the rice until clear water runs through.
◊ Put the washed rice in a bowl, add 1 Tbsp salt, cover with water level 3 cm/ 1″ above the rice, stir gently and set aside for more than an hour. This can be done in advance and soaked for 3+ hours, or overnight. (Note: A faster step for cooking rice is… wash rice and soak without salt for 30 minutes. Add the salt to boiling water and follow the next steps.)
To boil the rice
◊ Have a colander ready in your sink, one with fine-mesh or with very small holes, and with legs, so that it doesn’t touch the sink bottom.
◊ In a non-stick pot (9 cups capacity) bring 5 cups of water to a boil. Drain water from the soaked rice and add to the boiling water. Keep your attention on the pot or else the foam from the boiling rice may overflow.
◊ As the rice starts to boil briskly, lower the heat to medium-high and occasionally, gently stir the rice in a circular motion. At this point, taste the boiling water (carefully) to insure the salt content is to your taste. Add salt if needed.
◊ In a few minutes, after rice begins bubbling like a fountain, it boils slower/thicker.
Test/bite a grain to check its hardness. Do this repeatedly, as timing is very important. As soon as there is no more hardness in the center of the rice (don’t let it get completely soft), drain rice in colander waiting in sink. It is better for rice to be a tad under-cooked than over-cooked. Rice should not sit in the colander more than a minute (it will continue cooking and be sticky soft). At this point, you must act quickly.
To steam the rice:
• 4 ~ 6 Tbsp vegetable oil needed
◊ Rinse the non-stick pot used for boiling. Add 2 ~ 3 Tbsp oil.
– Choices of tah-dig –
♦ For plain tah-dig: add few drops of saffron diluted in hot water [1] to the oil and rotate the pot so it will spread in the bottom before you spatula in the rice.
♦ If making tah-dig other than plain tah-dig, have the ingredient/mixture for the tah-dig ready in advance. Depending on the diameter of the pot, increase the oil poured into the bottom of the pot by 1.5x or 2x. Put on heat just a little lower than called for plain rice tah-dig.
♦ For potato tah-dig, after peeling the (russet) potato(s), cut them at least 1.6 cm/ 5/8″ thick and soak them in a bowl of water for a few minutes (or much longer). Drain well before use.
♦ For bread tah-dig, use one layer of flour-tortilla or lavash to cover the entire bottom of the pot. For mixed rice, especially ones with sweet ingredients, this tah-dig is recommended to avoid fast burning of sugar.
♦ For yogurt tah-dig
• 1 cup whole yogurt
• 2 egg yolks
• pinch (1/16 tsp) ground saffron
• 1/8 tsp salt
◊ In a medium-sized bowl, beat the egg yolks with a fork, add yogurt, saffron and salt, mix well and set aside.
Adjust the recipe quantity to the amount of rice being cooked.
– To continue with assembly of rice –
◊ Gently, a spatula at a time, put the boiled rice in the pot. Poke a few holes into the rice.
◊ Pour 2 ~ 3 Tbsp of oil evenly over the rice in the pot.
◊ Cover the pot with one layer of paper towel and put the lid on tightly. On medium-low heat, steam for 45 minutes.
◊ If desired to serve with the tah-tig on the top, right out of the pot in tact: Choose a deep serving dish at least 5 cm/ 2″ wider than the pot on each side.
◊ Invert the serving dish over the pot and flip. Unmold the rice and lift the pot.
– or –
◊ Dish out the rice, a spatula at a time and sprinkle on the serving dish/platter [1] (keeping the tah-dig intact at the bottom of the pot). Loosen and dish out the tah-dig with wooden or non-stick, pot-safe spatula and serve in a different dish.
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[1] To garnish the rice with saffron:
• smidgen ground saffron
• 2 Tbsp hot water
• 1 Tbs softened butter
◊ It would be preferable to make the saffaron ready while the rice is steaming. In a medium-small bowl, add the saffron and hot water and let it sit for ten minutes minutes or more.
◊ Add the butter and have it ready for when the cooked rice is ready to be dished out.
◊ Add the first spatula of the rice to the saffron bowl and mix well. When the rest of the rice is dished onto the serving dish, spread/garnish the saffron rice over the white rice. Design made by saffroned rice over the dished out rice is not uncommon either.
~ Noushe jan! • نوش جان ~
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Yogurt tah-dig — seen in photo: Tah-chin
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So, what’s cooking in your kitchen?
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Question: When making the rice with the yogurt version do you add the 6 tb oil and then the yogurt then the rice and then some more oil? OR Do you oil, rice, yogurt on top?
Also an unrelated question: My mom and dad spent time in Iran long ago and my mom cooks something she learned there which I haven’t ever seen anywhere since but I love it, make it often and people ask for the recipe a LOT. I wonder if maybe you know. It is basically a casserole with layers of rice (sometimes with or without saffron), layer of cinnamon (predominantly) and other spiced lamb, layer of spinach with lemon juice and onions with final topping being rice covered to seal with yogurt. My mom said she had it at a home of friends in Tehran.
My poor mom tried and tried to make Persian rice. She could have used your instruction!
Hello dear Shan, Thank you for leaving a comment. The dish your parents had in Iran is → tah-chin. Tah-chin I have posted is with chicken filling (most common these days), but it can be made of varieties of fillings such as lamb meat, vegetables of choice or even some use khoresh/Persian stews, i.e. eggplants, gheime (meat and split yellow peas). To answer your first question, please read the tah-chin recipe, which method is explained. Yogurt, saffron, egg-yolk and rice is all mixed and then poured in a over-proof dish with plenty of oil. Very commonly, barberries are used for topping, berries which are expensive and hard to come by. It is not necessary. If you have any questions in regard to tah-chin, read the recipe and comment on that post pelease.
On a different note… I have migrated my blog to self-hosting and in migration photos and links are all gone haywire. I am working on it as fast as I can, but still have a long process to go through. Please bear with me. I just adjusted the tah-chin post for your convenience.
I took a Persian cooking class last week just to learn how to cook this rice. It was excellent, but I’m anxious to try your method for tah-dig.
Let me know how your tah-dig turns. 😀
I will. I plan to try it later this week.
I’ll brace myself and try the plain tah-dig. Looks like a cake of some sort. Thanks for sharing and have a pleasant day!
Dear Fae,
That looks delicious! Do you have a recipe for Mujaddarah? Thanks in advance
Merry Christmas!
Hi Radhika,
What Mujaddarah is in Arabic, is “adas polo” (lentil rice) in Farsi/Persian.
It is a great vegetarian/vegan dish by itself, or served with meats for an elaborate dish. If you need the recipe soon, ratios are:
Post Script: I responded to Radhika with a recipe.
Since, I have posted the recipe → Lentil Rice • Adas Polo • عدس پلو
Dear Fae,
You are a pet! Thank you for sending me a recipe so quickly. I’ll making this tomorrow. Looking forward.
This sounds delicious! Well, I’m sure that won’t surprise you as I do love my caramelised onions. Have bookmarked this page to be able to have a closer look another time as it’s running late here. Thanks so much for the link!
I love Persian rice and have never prepared it. This looks so good!
Thank you for posting this wonderful recipe! Persian rice is one of my favorites!
I will most definitely make this rice now! I would have never attempted it before, so thanks again!